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EPA Methods List with Links



US EPA Method 14A-Determination Of Total Fluoride Emissions From Selected Sources At Primary Aluminum Production Facilities

NOTE: This method does not include all the specifications (e.g., equipment and supplies) and procedures (e.g., sampling) essential to its performance. Some material is incorporated by reference from other methods in this part. Therefore, to obtain reliable results, persons using this method should have a thorough knowledge of at least the following additional test methods: Method 5, Methods 13A and 13B, and Method 14 of this appendix. 1.0 Scope and Application.

1.1 Analytes.

Analyte

Total fluorides Includes hydrogen

fluoride

CAS No. None assigned

007664-39-3

Sensitivity Not determined

Not determined

1.2 Applicability.

This method is applicable for the determination of total fluorides (TF) emissions from sources specified in the applicable regulation. This method was developed by consensus with the Aluminum Association and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2.0 Summary of Method.

2.1Total fluorides, in the form of solid and gaseous fluorides, are withdrawn from the ascending air stream inside of an aluminum reduction potroom and, prior to exiting the potroom roof monitor, into a specific cassette arrangement.

The cassettes are connected by tubing to flowmeters and a manifold system that allows for the equal distribution of volume pulled through each cassette, and finally to a console meter. The cassettes have a specific internal arrangement of one unaltered cellulose filter and support pad in the first section of the cassette for solid fluoride retention and two cellulose filters with support pads that are impregnated with sodium formate for the chemical absorption of gaseous fluorides in the following two sections of the cassette. A minimum of eight cassettes shall be used for a potline and shall be strategically located at equal intervals across the potroom roof so as to encompass a minimum of 8 percent of the total length of the potroom. A greater number of cassettes may be used should the regulated facility choose to do so. The mass flow rate of pollutants is determined with anemometers and temperature sensing devices located immediately below the opening of the roof monitor and spaced evenly within the cassette group. 3.0 Definitions.

3.1 Cassette.

A segmented, styrene acrylonitrile cassette configuration with three separate segments and a base, for the purpose of this method, to capture and retain fluoride from potroom gases.

3.2 Cassette arrangement.

The cassettes, tubing, manifold system, flowmeters, console meter, and any other related equipment associated with the actual extraction of the sample gas stream.

3.3 Cassette group.

That section of the potroom roof monitor where a distinct group of cassettes is

located.

3.4 Potline.

A single, discrete group of electrolytic reduction cells electrically connected in series, in which alumina is reduced to form aluminum.

3.5 Potroom.

A building unit that houses a group of electrolytic reduction cells in which aluminum is produced.

3.6 Potroom group.

An uncontrolled potroom, a potroom that is controlled individually, or a group of potrooms or potroom segments ducted to a common primary control system.

3.7 Primary control system.

The equipment used to capture the gases and particulate matter generated during the reduction process and the emission control device(s) used to remove pollutants prior to

discharge of the cleaned gas to the atmosphere. 3.8 Roof monitor. That portion of the roof of a potroom building where gases, not captured at the

cell, exit from the potroom. 3.9 Total fluorides (TF). Elemental fluorine and all fluoride compounds as measured by Methods

13A or 13B of this appendix or by an approved alternative method. 4.0 Interferences and Known Limitations.

4.1 There are two principal categories of limitations that must be addressed when using this method.

The first category is sampling bias and the second is analytical bias. Biases in sampling can occur when there is an insufficient number of cassettes located along the roof monitor of a potroom or if the distribution of those cassettes is spatially unequal. Known sampling biases also can occur when there are leaks within the cassette arrangement and if anemometers and temperature devices are not providing accurate data. Applicable instruments must be properly calibrated to avoid sampling bias. Analytical biases can occur when instrumentation is not calibrated or fails calibration and the instrument is used out of proper calibration. Additionally, biases can occur in the laboratory if fusion crucibles retain residual fluorides over lengthy periods of use. This condition could result in falsely elevated fluoride values. Maintaining a clean work environment in the laboratory is crucial to producing accurate values.

4.2 Biases.

During sampling can be avoided by properly spacing the appropriate number of cassettes along the roof monitor, conducting leak checks of the cassette arrangement, calibrating the console meter every 30 days, verifying the accuracy of individual flowmeters (so that there is no more than 5 percent difference in the volume pulled between any two flowmeters), and calibrating or replacing anemometers and temperature sensing devices as necessary to maintain true data generation.

4.3 Analytical biases can be avoided by calibrating instruments according to the manufacturer's specifications prior to conducting any analyses, by performing internal and external audits of up to 10 percent of all samples analyzed, and by rotating individual crucibles as the "blank" crucible to detect any potential residual fluoride carry-over to samples. Should any contamination be discovered in the blank crucible, the crucible shall be thoroughly cleaned to remove any detected residual fluorides and a "blank" analysis conducted again to evaluate the effectiveness of the cleaning. The crucible shall remain in service as long as no detectable residual fluorides are present. 5.0 Safety.

5.1 This method may involve the handling of hazardous materials in the analytical phase. This method does not purport to address all of the potential safety hazards associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to performing this test method.

5.2 Corrosive reagents.

The following reagents are hazardous. Personal protective equipment and safe procedures are useful in preventing chemical splashes. If contact occurs, immediately flush with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove clothing under shower and decontaminate. Treat residual chemical burn as thermal burn.

5.3 Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH).

Causes severe damage to eyes and skin. Inhalation causes irritation to nose, throat, and lungs. Reacts exothermically with limited amounts of water.

5.4 Perchloric Acid (HClO4).

Corrosive to eyes, skin, nose, and throat. Provide ventilation to limit exposure. Very strong oxidizer. Keep separate from water and oxidizable materials to prevent vigorous evolution of heat, spontaneous combustion, or explosion. Heat solutions containing HClO4 only in hoods specifically designed for HClO4. 6.0 Equipment and Supplies.

6.1 Sampling.

6.1.1 Cassette arrangement.

The cassette itself is a three-piece, styrene acrylonitrile cassette unit (a Gelman Sciences product), 37 millimeter (mm), with plastic connectors. In the first section (the intake section), an untreated Gelman Sciences 37 mm, 0.8 micrometer (Fm) DM-800 metricel membrane filter and cellulose support pad, or equivalent, is situated. In the second and third segments of the cassette there is placed one each of Gelman Sciences 37 mm, 5 Fm GLA-5000 low-ash PVC filter with a cellulose support pad or equivalent product. Each of these two filters and support pads shall have been immersed in a solution of 10 percent sodium formate (volume/volume in an ethyl alcohol solution). The impregnated pads shall be placed in the cassette segments while still wet and heated at 50EC (122EF) until the pad is completely dry. It is important to check for a proper fit of the filter and support pad to the cassette segment to ensure that there are no areas where gases could bypass the filter. Once all of the cassette segments have been prepared, the cassette shall be assembled and a plastic plug shall be inserted into the exhaust hole of the cassette. Prior to placing the cassette into service, the space between each segment shall be taped with an appropriately durable tape to prevent the infiltration of gases through the points of connection, and an aluminum probe nozzle shall be inserted into the intake hole of the cassette. The aluminum probe nozzle shall have a short section of tubing placed over the opening of the probe nozzle, with the tubing plugged to prevent dust from entering the probe nozzle and to prepare the probe nozzle for the cassette arrangement leak check. An alternate probe nozzle type can be used if historical results or scientific demonstration of applicability can be shown.

6.1.2 Anemometers and temperature sensing devices.

To calculate the mass flow rate of TF from the roof monitor under standard conditions, anemometers that meet the specifications in section 2.1.1 in Method 14 of this appendix or an equivalent device yielding equivalent information shall be used. A recording mechanism capable of accurately recording the exit gas temperature at least every 2 hours shall be used.

6.1.3 barometer.

To correct the volumetric flow from the potline roof monitor to standard conditions, a mercury (Hg), aneroid, or other barometer capable of measuring atmospheric pressure to within 2.5 mm [0.1 inch (in)] Hg shall be used.

NOTE: The barometric reading may be obtained from a nearby National Weather Service Station. In this case, the station value (which is absolute barometric pressure) shall be requested and an adjustment for elevation differences between the weather station and the sampling point shall be made at a rate of minus 2.5 mm (0.1 in) Hg per 30 meters (m) [100 feet (ft)] elevation increase or plus 2.5 mm (0.1 in) Hg per 30 m (100 ft) elevation decrease.

6.2 Sample recovery.

6.2.1 Hot plate.

6.2.2 Muffle furnace.

6.2.3 Nickel crucible.

6.2.4 Stirring rod. Teflon.

6.2.5 Volumetric flask. 50-milliliter (ml).

6.2.6 Plastic vial. 50-ml.

6.3 Analysis.

6.3.1 Primary analytical method.

An automated analyzer having the following components or equivalent: a multichannel proportioning pump, multiposition sampler, voltage stabilizer, colorimeter, instrument recording device, microdistillation apparatus, flexible Teflon heating bath, vacuum pump, pulse suppressers and an air flow system.

6.3.2 Secondary analytical method.

Specific Ion Electrode (SIE).

7.0 Reagents and Standards.

7.1 Water.

Deionized distilled to conform to ASTM Specification D 1193—77, Type 3

(incorporated by reference in 60.17(a)(22) of this part). The KMnO4 test for oxidizable organic matter may be omitted when high concentrations of organic matter are not expected to be present.

7.2 Calcium oxide.

7.3 Sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Pellets.

7.4 Perchloric acid (HClO4).

Mix 1:1 with water. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) may be used in place of

HClO4.

7.5 Audit samples.

The audit samples discussed in section 9.1 shall be prepared from reagent grade, water soluble stock reagents, or purchased as an aqueous solution from a commercial supplier. If the audit stock solution is purchased from a commercial supplier, the standard solution must be accompanied by a certificate of analysis or an equivalent proof of fluoride concentration.

8.0 Sample Collection and Analysis.

8.1 Preparing cassette arrangement for sampling.

The cassettes are initially connected to flexible tubing.

The tubing is connected to flowmeters and a manifold system. The manifold system is connected to a console meter (Research Appliance Company model 201009 or equivalent). The length of tubing is managed by pneumatically or electrically operated hoists located in the roof monitor, and the travel of the tubing is controlled by encasing the tubing in aluminum conduit. The tubing is lowered for cassette insertion by operating a control box at floor level. Once the cassette has been securely inserted into the tubing and the leak check performed, the tubing and cassette are raised to the roof monitor level using the floor level control box. Arrangements similar to the one described are acceptable if the scientific sample collection principles are followed.

8.2 Test run sampling period.

A test run shall comprise a minimum of a 24-hour sampling event encompassing at least eight cassettes per potline (or four cassettes per potroom group). Monthly compliance shall be based on three test runs during the month. Test runs of greater than 24 hours are allowed; however, three such runs shall be conducted during the month.

8.3 Leak-check procedures.

8.3.1 Pretest leak check.

A pretest leak-check is recommended; however, it is not required. To perform a pretest leak-check after the cassettes have been inserted into the tubing, isolate the cassette to be leak-checked by turning the valves on the manifold to stop all flows to the other sampling points connected to the manifold and meter. The cassette, with the plugged tubing section securing the intake of the probe nozzle, is subjected to the highest vacuum expected during the run. If no leaks are detected, the tubing plug can be briefly removed as the console meter is rapidly turned off.

8.3.2 Post-test leak check.

A leak check is required at the conclusion of each test run for each cassette. The leak check shall be performed in accordance with the procedure outlined in section 8.3.1 of this method except that it shall be performed at a vacuum greater than the maximum vacuum reached during the test run. If the leakage rate is found to be no greater than 4 percent of the average sampling rate, the results are acceptable. If the leakage rate is greater than 4 percent of the average sampling rate, either record the leakage rate and correct the sampling volume as discussed in section 12.4 of this method or void the test run if the minimum number of cassettes were used. If the number of cassettes used was greater than the minimum required, discard the leaking cassette and use the remaining cassettes for the emission determination.

8.3.3 Anemometers and temperature sensing device placement.

Install the recording mechanism to record the exit gas temperature. Anemometers shall be installed as required in section 6.1.2 of Method 14 of this appendix, except replace the word "manifold" with "cassette group" in section 6.1.2.3. These two different instruments shall be located near each other along the roof monitor. See conceptual configurations in Figures 14A-1, 14A-2, and 14A-3 of this method. Fewer temperature devices than anemometers may be used if at least one temperature device is located within the span of the cassette group. Other anemometer location siting scenarios may be acceptable as long as the exit velocity of the roof monitor gases is representative of the entire section of the potline being sampled.

8.4 Sampling.

The actual sample run shall begin with the removal of the tubing and plug from the cassette probe nozzle. Each cassette is then raised to the roof monitor area, the console meter is turned on, and the flowmeters are set to the calibration point, which allows an equal volume of sampled gas to enter each cassette. The console meter shall be set to a range suitable for the specific potroom type being sampled that will yield valid data known from previous experience or a range determined by the use of the calculation in section 12 of this method. Parameters related to the test run that shall be recorded, either during the test run or after the test run if recording devices are used, include: anemometer data, roof monitor exit gas temperature, console meter temperature, console meter volume, and barometric pressure. At the conclusion of the test run, the cassettes shall be lowered, the console meter turned off, and the volume registered on the console meter recorded. The post-test leak check procedures described in section 8.3.2 of this method shall be performed. All data relevant to the test shall be recorded on a field data sheet and maintained on file.

8.5 Sample recovery.

8.5.1 The cassettes shall be brought to the laboratory with the intake probe nozzle contents protected with the section of plugged tubing previously described. The exterior of cassettes shall carefully be wiped free of any dust or debris, making sure that any falling dust or debris does not present a potential laboratory contamination problem.

8.5.2 Carefully remove all tape from the cassettes and remove the initial filter, support pad, and all loose solids from the first (intake) section of the cassette. Fold the filter and support pad several times and, along with all loose solids removed from the interior of the first section of the cassette, place them into a nickel crucible. Using water, wash the interior of the probe nozzle into the same nickel crucible. Add 0.1 gram (g) [±0.1 milligram (mg)] of calcium oxide and a sufficient amount of water to make a loose slurry. Mix the contents of the crucible thoroughly with a Teflon stirring rod. After rinsing any adhering residue from the stirring rod back into the crucible, place the crucible on a hot plate or in a muffle furnace until all liquid is evaporated and allow the mixture to gradually char for 1 hour.

8.5.3 Transfer the crucible to a cold muffle furnace and ash at 600EC (1,112EF). Remove the crucible after the ashing phase and, after the crucible cools, add 3.0 g (±0.1 g) of NaOH pellets. Place this mixture in a muffle furnace at 600EC (1,112EF) for 3 minutes. Remove the crucible and roll the melt so as to reach all of the ash with the molten NaOH. Let the melt cool to room temperature. Add 10 to 15 ml of water to the crucible and place it on a hot plate at a low temperature setting until the melt is soft or suspended. Transfer the contents of the crucible to a 50-ml volumetric flask. Rinse the crucible with 20 ml of 1:1 perchloric acid or 20 ml of 1:1 sulfuric acid in two (2) 10 ml portions. Pour the acid rinse slowly into the volumetric flask and swirl the flask after each addition. Cool to room temperature. The product of this procedure is particulate fluorides.

8.5.4 Gaseous fluorides can be isolated for analysis by folding the gaseous fluoride filters and support pads to approximately 1/4 of their original size and placing them in a 50-ml plastic vial. To the vial add exactly 10 ml of water and leach the sample for a minimum of 1 hour. The leachate from this process yields the gaseous fluorides for analysis. 9.0 Quality Control.

9.1 Laboratory auditing.

Laboratory audits of specific and known concentrations of fluoride shall be submitted to the laboratory with each group of samples submitted for analysis. An auditor shall prepare and present the audit samples as a "blind" evaluation of laboratory performance with each group of samples submitted to the laboratory. The audits shall be prepared to represent concentrations of fluoride that could be expected to be in the low, medium and high range of actual results. Average recoveries of all three audits must equal 90 to 110 percent for acceptable results; otherwise, the laboratory must investigate procedures and instruments for potential problems.

NOTE: The analytical procedure allows for the analysis of individual or combined filters and pads from the cassettes provided that equal volumes (±10 percent) are sampled through each cassette. 10.0 Calibrations.

10.1 equipment evaluations.

To ensure the integrity of this method, periodic calibrations and equipment replacements are necessary.

10.1.1 metering system.

At 30-day intervals the metering system shall be calibrated. Connect the metering system inlet to the outlet of a wet test meter that is accurate to 1 percent. Refer to Figure 5-4 of Method 5 of this appendix. The wet-test meter shall have a capacity of 30 liters/revolution [1 cubic foot (ft3)/revolution]. A spirometer of 400 liters (14 ft3) or more capacity, or equivalent, may be used for calibration; however, a wet-test meter is usually more practical. The wet-test meter shall be periodically tested with a spirometer or a liquid displacement meter to ensure the accuracy. Spirometers or wet-test meters of other sizes may be used, provided that the specified accuracies of the procedure are maintained. Run the metering system pump for about 15 min. with the orifice manometer indicating a median reading as expected in field use to allow the pump to warm up and to thoroughly wet the interior of the wet-test meter. Then, at each of a minimum of three orifice manometer settings, pass an exact quantity of gas through the wet-test meter and record the volume indicated by the console meter. Also record the barometric pressure, the temperatures of the wet test meter, the inlet temperatures of the console meter, and the temperatures of the outlet of the console meter. Record all calibration data on a form similar to the one shown in Figure 5-5 of Method 5 of this appendix and calculate Y, the console meter calibration factor, and )H@, the orifice calibration factor at each orifice setting. Allowable tolerances for Y and )H@ are given in Figure 5-6 of Method 5 of this appendix.

10.1.2 Estimating volumes for initial test runs.

For a facility's initial test runs, the regulated facility must have a target or desired volume of gases to be sampled and a target range of volumes to use during the calibration of the console meter. Use Equations 14A-1 and 14A-2 in section 12 of this method to derive the target console meter volume (Fv) for these purposes.

10.1.3 calibration of anemometers and temperature sensing devices.

If the standard anemometers in Method 14 of this appendix are used, the calibration and integrity evaluations in sections 10.3.1.1 through 10.3.1.3 of Method 14 of this appendix shall be used as well as the recording device described in section 2.1.3 of Method 14. The calibrations or complete change-outs of anemometers shall take place at a minimum of once per year. The temperature sensing and recording devices shall be calibrated according to the manu- facturer's specifications.

10.1.4 calibration of flowmeters.

The calibration of flowmeters is necessary to ensure that an equal volume of sampled gas is entering each of the individual cassettes and that no large differences, which could possibly bias the sample, exist between the cassettes.

10.1.4.1 Variable area, 65 mm flowmeters or equivalent shall be used.

These flowmeters can be mounted on a common base for convenience. These flowmeters shall be calibrated by attaching a prepared cassette, complete with filters and pads, to the flowmeter and then to the system manifold. This manifold is an aluminum cylinder with valved inlets for connections to the flowmeters/cassettes and one outlet to a console meter. The connection is then made to the wet-test meter and finally to a console meter. All connections are made with tubing.

10.1.4.2 Turn the console meter on for 15 min. in preparation for the calibration.

Turn the console meter off and plug the intake hole of the cassette. Turn the console meter back on to evaluate the entire system for leaks. If the console meter shows a leakage rate of less than 0.02 ft3/min at 10 in. of Hg vacuum as noted on the console meter, the system is acceptable to further calibration.

10.1.4.3 With the console meter turned on and the flow indicator ball at a selected flow rate, record the exact amount of gas pulled through the flowmeter by taking measurements from the wet test meter after exactly 10 min. Record the room temperature and barometric pressure. Conduct this test for all flowmeters in the system with all flowmeters set at the same indicator ball reading. When all flowmeters have gone through the procedure above, correct the volume pulled through each flowmeter to standard conditions. The acceptable difference between the highest and lowest flowmeter rate is 5 percent. Should one or more flowmeters be outside of the acceptable limit of 5 percent, repeat the calibration procedure at a lower or higher indicator ball reading until all flowmeters show no more than 5 percent difference among them.

10.1.4.4 This flowmeter calibration shall be conducted at least once per year.

10.1.5 Miscellaneous equipment calibrations.

Miscellaneous equipment used such as an automatic recorder/ printer used to measure console meter temperatures shall be calibrated according to the manufacturer's specifications in order to maintain the accuracy of the equipment. 11.0 Analytical Procedure.

11.1 The preferred primary analytical determination of the individual isolated samples or the combined particulate and gaseous samples shall be performed by an automated methodology. The analytical method for this technology shall be based on the manufacturer's instructions for equipment operation and shall also include the analysis of five standards with concentrations in the expected range of the actual samples. The results of the analysis of the five standards shall have a coefficient of correlation of at least 0.99. A check standard shall be analyzed as the last sample of the group to determine if instrument drift has occurred. The acceptable result for the check standard is 95 to 105 percent of the standard's true value.

11.2 The secondary analytical method shall be by specific ion electrode if the samples are distilled or if a TISAB IV buffer is used to eliminate aluminum interferences. Five standards with concentrations in the expected range of the actual samples shall be analyzed, and a coefficient of correlation of at least 0.99 is the minimum acceptable limit for linearity. An exception for this limit for linearity is a condition when low-level standards in the range of 0.01 to 0.48 Fg fluoride/ml are analyzed. In this situation, a minimum coefficient of correlation of 0.97 is required. TISAB II shall be used for low-level analyses.

12.0 Data Analysis and Calculations.

12.1 Carry out calculations, retaining at least one extra decimal point beyond that of the acquired data.

Round off values after the final calculation. Other forms of calculations may be used as long as they give equivalent results.

where

12.2 Estimating volumes for initial test runs.

Fv ' (Fd)(X) Fe

Eq. 14A-1

Fv = Desired volume of dry gas to be sampled, ft3. Fd = Desired or analytically optimum mass of TF per cassette, micrograms of TF per cassette

(Fg/cassette). X = Number of cassettes used.

Fe = Typical concentration of TF in emissions to be sampled, Fg/ft3, calculated from Equation 14A-2.

where

Re= Rp= Vr= Ar=

Fe ' (Re)(Rp)(4.536 x 108 ug/lb) (Ar)(Vr)

Typical emission rate from the facility, pounds of TF per ton (lb/ton) of aluminum. Typical production rate of the facility, tons of aluminum per minute (ton/min). Typical exit velocity of the roof monitor gases, feet per minute (ft/min). Open area of the roof monitor, square feet (ft2).

Eq. 14A-2

12.2.1 Example calculation.

Assume that the typical emission rate (Re) is 1.0 lb TF/ton of aluminum, the typical roof vent gas exit velocity (Vr) is 250 ft/min, the typical production rate (Rp) is 0.10 ton/min, the known open area for the roof monitor (Ar) is 8,700 ft2, and the desired (analytically optimum) mass of TF per cassette is 1,500 Fg. First calculate the concentration of TF per cassette (Fe) in Fg/ft3 using Equation 14A-2. Then calculate the desired volume of gas to be sampled (Fv) using Equation 14A-1.

Eq. 14A-3

Fe ' 20.855 ' (1.0 lb/ton)(0.1 tons/min)(4.536 x108 ug/lb) (8,700 ft2)(250 ft/min)

Eq. 14A-4

Fv ' 575.40 ft3 ' (1,500 ug)(8 cassettes) (20.855 ug/ft3)

This is a total of 575.40 ft3 for eight cassettes or 71.925 ft3/cassette. 12.3 Calculations of TF emissions from field and laboratory data that would yield a production

related emission rate can be calculated as follows: 12.3.1 Obtain a standard cubic feet (scf) value for the volume pulled through the console meter for

all cassettes by using the field and calibration data and Equation 5-1 of Method 5 of this appendix. 12.3.2 Derive the average quantity of TF per cassette (in Fg TF/cassette) by adding all laboratory

data for all cassettes and dividing this value by the total number of cassettes used. Divide this average TF value by the corrected console meter volume for each cassette; this value then becomes TFstd (Fg/ft3).

12.3.3 Calculate the production-based emission rate (Re) in lb/ton using Equation 14A-5.

Re'

(TF )(V )(A )(2.2 x 10&9 lbg) std r r

(Rp)

Eq. 14A-5

12.3.4 As an example calculation, assume eight cassettes located in a potline were used to sample for 72 hours during the run.

The analysis of all eight cassettes yielded a total of 3,000 Fg of TF. The console meter volume was corrected to yield a total of 75 scf per cassette, which yields a value for TFstd of 3,000/75 = 5 Fg/ft3. The open area of the roof monitor for the potline (Ar) is 17,400 ft2. The exit velocity of the roof monitor gases (Vr) is 250 ft/min. The production rate of aluminum over the previous 720 hours was 5,000 tons, which is 6.94 tons/hr or 0.116 ton/min (Rp). Substituting these values into Equation 14A-5 yields:

Eq. 14A-6

Re ' (5 μg/ft3)(250 ft/min)(17,400 ft2)(2.2 x 10&9 lbg) (0.116 ton/min)

Eq. 14A-7

Re ' 0.41 lb/ton of aluminum produced.

12.4 Corrections to volumes due to leakage.

Should the post-test leak check leakage rate exceed 4 percent as described in section 8.3.2 of this method, correct the volume as detailed in Case I in section 6.3 of Method 5 of this appendix.

Figure 14A-1. Conceptual side view of arrangement of 4 cassettes for one-half of a potroom. Note: This drawing does not reflect an equally acceptable arrangement of 8 cassettes in a cassette group located along at least 8 percent of the potroom roof.

Figure 14A-2. Conceptual end view of cassette placement in a potroom roof.

Figure 14A-3. Conceptual side view of positions of cassettes, anemometers, and RTDs in a typical half of a potroom. Note: This drawing does not reflect other potentially acceptable arrangements.

*****



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