Method 16

The sample is withdrawn directly from the source through heated line to the GC
Analysis is semi-continuous with a snapshot every 5-20 minutes
Method 16 requires a minimum of sixteen injections per test run
Sample degradation issues are minimized by direct injection into the GC
Direct injection is an excellent tool for tracking batch processes (unless the process changes can occur faster than the snapshot injection times)

Dimethyl sulfide [(CH₃)₂S]
Dimethyl disulfide [(CH₃)₂S₂]
Methyl mercaptan (CH₄S)
Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S)
Carbonyl sulfide (COS)
Carbon disulfide (CS₂)
The lower range of this procedure is determined by the sampling system. This is generally about 0.5 ppmv.
The upper limit is governed by the GC detector saturation or column overloading. The upper range can be extended by dilution interface sampling.

Sample is withdrawn from the source and delivered continuously to the GC (similar to EPA Method 25A). A preferred sampling rate would yield a response time of less than one minute.
All heated elements should be set to ~250oF;
A test run consists of a minimum of 16 sample injections over:
- A minimum test time of three hours; and
- A maximum test time of six hours.
- Three test runs comprise a test series
A slip-stream of the sample is drawn through a gas sampling valve on the instrument;
- An injection is performed by rotating the valve;
- Each injection will typically require 5-20 minutes to perform the analysis.
A recovery study must be performed following sampling (similar to sample system bias);
- Performed by introducing sample to the probe tip and sampling similar to stack gases;
- Recovery is acceptable if bias is within +10% of the at-instrument value.
- Analysis results are typically not corrected for this recovery study results
Short lengths of unheated lines can cause sample loss through condensation (e.g. 4" of teflon line). All sample delivery lines should be heated.

Emissions from Kraft Paper Mills
- Recovery Furnaces
- Lime Kilns
- Smelt Dissolving Tanks
Refineries
- Combustion devices (flares)
Food Processing Plants (involving sulfur gases)